Antony was defeated and both Cleopatra and Antony fled to Egypt and later committed suicide. Rome declared war on Cleopatra and Antony was declared a traitor. Antony was in charge of Rome’s eastern provinces, including Egypt, then ruled by Cleopatra.Īntony married Octavian’s sister, Octavia but once he met Cleopatra he fell in love with her who bore him three children. He was appointed administrator of Italy.Īfter Caesar’s assassination Antony joined Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, another general and Octavian and the Republic was divided between three of them. Mark Antony, Roman politician and general was the second in command with Julius Caesar. Romans were already against the idea of Ptolemy Caesar being their king and following Caesar’s death his grandnephew Octavian became the emperor. Naturally Roman and Egyptian ties increased and she was able keep the Egyptian throne and empire.Ĭleopatra bore Caesar’s only son and named him Ptolemy Caesar or Caesarian (meaning: little Caesar).Ĭleopatra started raising her son as the heir to Rome. She came from Greek Ptolemaic dynasty.Įgypt was a declining power and Cleopatra’s love affair with great and powerful Roman emperor Julius Caesar must have taken its political repercussions into account. ‘The barge she sat in, like a burnish’d throne,īurn’d on the water the poop was beaten gold,Ĭleopatra VII, was the last ruler of Egypt before the Romans took power. Shakespeare wrote in his play “Antony and Cleopatra” Scientists in a recent paper in Near Eastern Archaeology have pointed out the methods used to prepare perfumes by ancient Egyptians, “Scents were created through smoke from burning fragrant resins, barks, and herbs (“perfume” derives from per fumum “through smoke”), or through maceration by steeping resins, flowers, herbs, spices, and wood.”Īccording to legend even the sails of her royal ships when she went to visit Antony were drenched with her powerful scent so that Marc Antony could smell her coming much before she reached the shore. There ancient kilns to produce perfume were found of pre-Roman period as also original amphorae with residues of the ingredients used to make the perfumes. Scientists used the latest developments in chemistry, hi-tech X-ray fluorescence to study and analyse the molecules present in many jars ancients used for perfume manufacture.Ī fillip to re-create ancient perfumes came after 2015, the discovery of an ancient Egyptian perfume ‘factory’, at the Tell Timai excavation project site of the ancient Egyptian city of Thmuis, founded in 4,500 B.C. What scientists have done today is they have recreated Cleopatra’s perfume after studying historical Egyptian texts detailing the preparation of the perfume, chemical analysis and a lot of experimentation.
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